Honor in Othello and Hamlet Essay

Being one of the central themes in Othello and Hamlet, honor is used in very strange ways by Shakespeare. He has a way of showing how his characters can be very honorable or have a lack there of. He displays how honor is interwoven with personal integrity and how acts of attempting to keep a reputation can be confused with the acts of personal integrity. Lastly, he also displays how honor relates to the foresight seen by his characters. Honor can be connected to almost any actions made by any of the characters in these plays. He really keeps the readers/viewers guessing at what the motivations are for all of his characters. I will take a look into these motivations and explain my thoughts on such things. In these plays, honor is very important to the characters. It is a driving force, of sorts, for much of what the characters do. Along with that, judgments made about certain characters, by other characters, are almost always based on honor. In Othello specifically, honor connects almost all of the actions and judgments throughout the play. Honor seems to be one of the main reasons Desdemona fell in love with Othello. Being much older and having so many military accomplishments sent Othello into an honorable light in Desdemona’s eyes. To me, that seems to be the sole reason she fell in love with him, in the first place. His own character influenced her love thereafter, but initially, I believe it was solely his honor. Cassio is also attracted to this quality in Othello. His platonic love for Othello is based around how honorable Othello has been in his life, prior to the end of the play. In Iago’s eyes, however, Othello’s honor means nothing. He cannot comprehend why Othello got the job he has, while he is stuck in the same position. Iago gives the impression that Othello’s honor is almost a negative thing in his eyes. Despite Iago’s negative views, every judgment about Othello is based on how honorable he is. His behavior prior to the end of the play shows this honor as well. In opposition to the honorable basis of thoughts about Othello, many characters choose less honorary behavior and are viewed dishonorably by other characters. Iago is a prime example of this. Not only do you see the lack of honor in quite literally everything Iago does, but you witness these negative thoughts about him as well. From Othello, you hear the sarcastically said â€Å"honest Iago†, and from Emilia, you hear many a complaint. Iago’s dishonorable behavior even produces dishonorable behavior from Emilia. She makes it seem like she constantly cheats on Iago, because of his neglectfulness. Dishonorable behavior is just followed by more dishonorable behavior, in Shakespeare. This could not be more true when it comes to Hamlet. The entire play is based around the central occupation of greediness and revenge. The play starts off with the fact that King Hamlet has died. Right away, when Hamlet talks to the ghost of his deceased father, we find out that he was killed by his brother Claudius. This one event (not to belittle it) sparks a string of dishonorable behavior from Hamlet, who was once considered to be a very honorable intelligent young prince. Hamlet’s cunning, yet destructive, behavior however, could be argued as honorable, to a point, by some. His actions are based on the need for justice, which most people have within themselves. They are done in order to avenge his father’s death and make right in the world. This could be argued to be a noble and honorable cause. It could be, but I don’t think it would necessarily carry much weight. Sure, the cause behind his actions are great, but the way he goes about achieving that cause loses much, if not all, validity. He tries to make right, but in the process of it all, he hurts Ophelia, which causes her to commit suicide, he mistakenly kills Polonius (with little or no remorse), and his actions lead to the death of almost all other characters. Hamlet should, of course, not be blamed entirely for these incidences. Obviously Claudius should bare more burden when it comes to all of these deaths. In means of applying this theme of dishonorable behavior being followed by more of the same: you could also argue that if Claudius had not killed his brother, than Hamlet may have never become as dishonorable as he became. He was, after all, in school, away from the kingdom. Presumably, Hamlet could have married Ophelia and led an honorable life as king after the natural death of his parents. ————- When it comes to Shakespeare’s characters, there seems to be something missing: Integrity. While characters may have some personal integrity within themselves, there doesn’t seem to be many that are driven by what is right, rather than driven for their own gains. Want of personal integrity lags far behind the want of reputation in these plays. There’s an abundance of instances where characters act with integrity, but few show this integrity throughout an entire play. A good example is Michael Cassio. For the first part of the play, to me, he seemed to have a lot of integrity. Despite his dispute after drinking, he felt terrible about it, and he wanted to make it up to Othello. It sounded like all he wanted was forgiveness from his good friend. That made him have a lot of integrity in my eyes. But in the end, he’s seen visiting the prostitute and leading her along, for the fun of it. Last of all, foresight in Shakespeare appears to be a quality with positives and negatives. The two largest forms of foresight in these two plays would have to be that of Hamlet and that of Iago. In terms of Hamlet: forgetting the terrible acts of violence and vulgarity that he committed in the spur of the moment, Hamlet’s foresight, when it came to Claudius, was very honorable. His use of foresight was to avenge his father’s death and to find justice in the world. Anything Hamlet did that was dishonorable had nothing to do with foresight; it had to do with his impulsiveness. In the other spectrum of things, Iago’s foresight is unquestionably dishonorable. His ability to perceive how people will react and what they will do in the future, while revered by Shakespeare the world over, is one of the most dishonorable instances in Shakespeare. His manipulation of people is only means of pitting them against each other in order to help himself in the future. After reading these plays, it is hard to decide whether or not honor can still be legitimately given to any character. In my eyes, Hamlet, Cassio, Iago, and Othello have all lost real honor. Sure, aside from Iago, the others have done honorable things, but I don’t think I could attribute any of them honor fully. The only characters I would consider giving that to would be Desdemona (for trying to save Othello at the end of the play) and possibly Horatio (for helping Hamlet discover find out about Claudius and choosing to not die in order to tell his friends story). I don’t think I could do that however, because these acts of honor do not serve entirely large parts of the plays. Honor is apparently a fickle thing. It will come and go in Shakespeare’s world. His plays make it very clear that he doesn’t believe many people can be truly honorable. Every once in a while he will convince us that one of his characters has this quality through and through, but he then snags that away from us. I’m convinced that, in these two plays, there is no truly honorable character. Some come close at moments, but spoils are constantly brought.

Boutique Owner- Career Report

Running of a boutique is classified in the class of small business venture in fashion industry, and it is a dream to many people. The desire by many people to operate a boutique is motivated by the capability of individuals to apply managerial skills in operating small businesses. In addition, this is a very lucrative industry capable of bringing in a good income. However, management of a boutique business is not that easy due to the need of being up to date with ever changing fashions and tastes of customers.One main challenge is developing mission and vision statements in addition to application of good leadership and managerial skills. These factors support the fact that most of the accomplished boutique owners are people who are successful in the field of managing small businesses. This is achieved through application of personal traits such as determination, self driven motive, and enterprenual skills, basic of planning, management, and organizational skills. As a matter of fact , boutique business is a complex line of business where total management skills are required.In-depth knowledge on the running of the boutique and fashion statistics is very useful to any owner in order to make a meaningful progress. Boutique as a career requires the owner to employ other people who are capable and able to manage the business accordingly (White & Griffiths, 16). It also requires that the employees to perform their boutique work according to their past knowledge and experience. Therefore, workers or employees who have knowledge on the tactics that lead to improved performance play a very big role in operations of a boutique as a career. EducationAs a boutique owner it requires you to look for employees with knowledge as well as the skills of a boutique. Owning a boutique is not simple because one is required to have a substantial amount of start-up capital. This may force one to get a bank loan which should be paid regardless of whether the business succeeds or not. The failure or success depends on the management style of the owner. It is true to say that one can know the fate of a boutique business within the first few months or years. However, at the beginning losses are very high because of the initial investments and also extra expenditures of acquiring initial stock.At this early stage, one is expected to maintain high expectation through management of the losses as you focus on the profits generated in each transaction. But this only lasts for a period of time because once the business has stabilized, the expenditures becomes minimal creating a good source of income for the owner. Therefore, for a person to own a boutique future expectation that is the mission and the vision will be required. Managerial knowledge and the leadership of the employees is also another factor that determines the performance of the boutique.Owning a boutique needs a person who is open minded in matters pertaining to ideas regarding different boutique issues. T he business requires a well motivated individual who can use the combination of savoir-faire business skills and in depth the knowledge of the fashion retail industry to make profit. It requires a person to have the exact knowledge that is needed to ensure that a boutique is well managed. It needs leadership skills and management skills for a nice and effective boutique to be effective, planning should also be effective.Boutique deals with a wide range of fashion products for example sportswear, beachwear, novelty items, shoes, handbags accessories, and watches. In my case, a combination of the accessories and the novelty items, watches, shoes, handbags make my career as an owner of a boutique. Training This business requires one to have an education background which is specific on the knowledge of issues relating to fashion. One is required to have a Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Fashion Retailing or Marketing as well as management is of essence when operating a boutiq ue.Masters in Business Administration is an added advantage since it attracts investors in form of partners as they may have a greater trust in your management capability. Experience also applies in addition to the education background. This includes an extensive experience in fashion retail industry in a variety of positions from different levels of retail sales associated with exact experiences as a retail store manager. In boutique ownership career, risk taking personality is very important and solid business backgrounds such as marketing, accounting, sales, management and knowledge of the fashion are critical requirements.Other important requirements in connection with retail market place including trends and forecasts, flexible multitasking capabilities, excellent time management and communication skills in depth are important (Style career). Training focuses on the management and leadership qualities required in operations of the boutique. Tactics on customer response is also important during the training; the trainees are provided with a wide range of knowledge of handling different positions in the boutique business.Salary range My salary range is $100,000-$150,000 pa. The range is however not fixed as it can fluctuate depending on the level of profitability. Being a fashion industry, the knowledge of current trends in the market will promise one an upper limit income. Future trends Many successful businesses start small and build up to larger ones through expansion. Being a small business owner has been my dream for me. I do not regret why I chose a boutique business as my career since I have seen fruits of my labor.I am looking forward to building a large business empire by opening up boutique outlets which are at the proximity of my customers. I will even remain sensitive to the needs of my customers in addition to allowing them to make requests for the kind of products they would like me to stock for them. This I believe will give me a mileage ahea d of my competitors. Works Cited Style career, Breaking Into and Succeeding as a Boutique Owner. Viewed on 11 July 2010 from http://www. stylecareer. com/boutique. shtml White, N and Griffiths, I. The Fashion Busines

Car Manufacturing Units of Australia and Japan Essay

Car Manufacturing Units of Australia and Japan - Essay Example During the time of federation, Australian states were symbolised as highly integrated economies, with only a few barriers to trade, except tariff. As Forster puts it, there were free flow of labor and capital as there were no barriers, and the economic institutions operated across a number of economies. Federation removed the barrier in between the states in Australia, namely, tariffs. With time, both political and economic union mitigated the influence of other policies, which might have acted as the non tariff barriers in between the Australian states. Thus, the combined effect of reduced tariffs as well as the harmonised inter state standards drew the Australian state economies closer to one another. (Irwin D. A., December 2005) Holden was a popular name in the car manufacturing industry in Australia in the 1950s and in the early 1960s. By the middle of 1950, Holden cars were exported into Middle Asian territories and Asia-Pacific. With the expansion in the overseas, this 'all-Australian car' was the nation's pride; therefore, it dominated the car market in Australia. (General Motors Holden, (1948 - 1976). Along with Holden, Valiant was also an important car manufacturing company in Australia during 1950 - 1980. Much of their popularity can be attributed to their unique models, engines, pacer, utility and drifter that made it a truly Australian car. (Valiant, n.d.) In the year 1980, the protectionist policies were discarded and the government of Australia opened up trade and market in between Australian and Japan. DFAT or Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade declared that Australia and Japan would be partners in multinational cooperation. The new government also intensified microeconomic reforms to coastal shipping and port in Australia along with reforms in the labor market, transport, energy and communications. Australian Government also aimed at strengthening the key bilateral economic relationships with other countries, with Japan being the most important one. At that time, Japan was also undergoing major economic reforms, and Australia encouraged Japanese Government to accelerate the reforms. Right at that time, Australian exports were also shifting to manufactures and services from commodities. (Downer A, June 1996) Japan also got the contract for manufacturing the popular car - Holden, and therefore, Japan started manufacturing Holden for Australia. In the year 1987, United Australian Automotive Industries was created to control the Holden-Toyota joint venture; the GM arm of it was named as General Motors Holden's Automotive or simply, GMHA. In the year 1988, Holden continued to demonstrate its leadership with the introduction of exciting car models incorporating engineering techniques, significant design and safety innovations. However, the joint venture was dissolved in the year 1995. (Holden History, n.d.) However, the market shares of Holden reversed after the year 2000. The shares dropped significantly in the year 2006 and General Motors announced job slash along with cut back production in the South Australian Plant. Holden also

The Quality of Interpretive Provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Quality of Interpretive Provision - Essay Example According to the study conducted Natural England manages Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) including some of the country’s wonderful and splendid habitats. Globally famous wildlife sites are ranked as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Special Protection Areas (SPSs). Natural England has fixed themes and priorities for 2008-2011 for the use of ALSF grant. Out of the selected themes, theme 4 dealing with education and understanding stresses on the provision of educational and interpretive opportunities in the context of landscape, biodiversity and geo-diversity constituents of the natural environment on and in proximity to the sites affected by extraction. Innovative approaches to education and interpretation is one of the priorities of theme 4. See the map below for the number of grants and their percentages for various regions of the Natural England. Effective interpretation must be fulfilling the audience expectations. It should provide vivid experience to the l isteners. It should be a planned composition and adhere to an essential theme so that the visitor follows it and feels engrossed to match it with own similar experiences. Audience should get a feeling of reverence by the interpreter. The researcher states that heritage interpretation has progressed in the past decades to become mellowed since Freeman Tilden wrote ‘Interpreting our Heritage’ in 1957. Interpretation has played a significant part in enlivening decreasing urban, industrial and rural regions via tourism and conservation programmes. ... Direct interaction with the visitors can be customised as per visitors’ inquiries and interests by answering 'on the spot’; comparatively interpretive signage is less flexible as the visitors can not provide instant response on signage. It is, therefore, critical for signage to be much more pertinent than other kinds of interpretation (UQ, 2006). Ideally interpretive signs should be inspected from visitors’ point of view, their inquisitions, anxieties and their knowledge. The visitors’ responses should form the basis of an interpretive signage (UQ, 2006). Warning Signs Extra precaution needs to be taken for not creating any ambiguity over the content of the message for double-meaning and culturally particular statement. It is more relevant while designing warning signs, as any wrong communication can be detrimental to the life of visitors. Local people may be well aware of possible environmental risks but visitors have no idea of the place. Therefore, wani ng signs need to provide functional information for the prevention of possible loss (UQ, 2006). Designing warning signs There are four key elements that a warning sign include, which are the word ‘Warning’, or ‘Caution’, a sentence about the risk, a possible outcome of ignoring the risk and instructions on taking precautions, as shown above (UQ, 2006). A warning sign should be easily visible and differentiable from general instructions such as interpretive information. It can be written in colour for enhanced visibility, as red colour is linked with danger zone. Contrast between the background and text provides clarity to the message (UQ, 2006). Size The size of the alert message and the type font used is critical although research is not

Drug policy in Mexico and Colombia Research Paper - 1

Drug policy in Mexico and Colombia - Research Paper Example South America, in stark contrast to its other counterpart North America or U.S.A, the world of riches as we know it, has long being plagued with the curse of poverty and deprivation coupled with alarmingly low levels of overall development. It is known that poverty, chronic unemployment and underemployment and illiteracy often give birth to crimes and Latin America has been no different. In Mexico, unemployment is around 20% while underdevelopment is just the double of unemployment (Gilbert 22). Drug trafficking, with all its vices in this context has been alleged as the prime concern spreading its â€Å"wings† with each passing day not only in Latin American nations but also in the U.S and the whole world. Countries like Mexico and Colombia have been the main architects of drug trafficking throughout the American sub-continent. In the early’80s Colombia used to be the main exporter of drugs and narcotics throughout the world, but with the Colombian government policy ge tting more stringent, Colombian drug-lords started using Mexico, mainly due to its suitable geographic locations to export drugs through Mexico to the U.S. (Rosin, 2). Mexico One prime social policy taken by the Mexican government towards curtailing the drug trafficking is to decrease violence in the Mexican drug market and reduce increasing crime frequency to controllable levels (Venda Felbeb-Brown,1). The ongoing drug war in Mexico is mainly an armed conflict among the several drug cartels fighting each other for market control and also with the Government armed forces installed to fight drug trafficking. Mexico is the main supplier of heroin in U.S.

Advertisement appeals as put forth by fowles Essay

Advertisement appeals as put forth by fowles - Essay Example The consumers develop resistance to the adverts of which the advertisement agencies try to use different appeals to reach out to the consumers. The level of penetration depends on the willingness of the consumer to listen or watch the advertisement appeals. Advertisement Appeals as Put Forth By Fowles According to Fowles (2) the advertisers make efforts to thwart the rational, guarded, doubtful clout acquired by the consumers when choosing the brands to buy. Most consumers develop a certain clout around their thinking which the advertisers try as much as possible to avoid. In doing so, the advertisers make effort to appeal to the consumers to prevent reacting without thinking but to pay attention to the fundamental ideas or information being passed through the adverts. This helps the advertisers to realize their main objectives in the advertisement campaigns. There is the utilization of the subliminal plea. This refers to the remarks which are directed to the conditions as well as th inking amongst the merchandisers. It is noted that most buyers and consumers are normally resistant to adverts or develop some form of opposition to the adverts. According to various studies most Americans are exposed to different forms of adverts which come in different media such as the televisions, radio, newspaper, billboards, and direct mails among other media. The consumers try their best to develop a filter in regard to which adverts to listen to or read or watch and which ones to ignore. The advertisers make efforts to be tactical in order to get access to the subconscious mind. Moreover, the advertisers make use of the personality appeal and the need to nurture. This is because there is a presumption that the character of consumers is unique. It also presumes that human beings have different range of unmet urges or desires which must be fulfilled through the advertisements aired over the media. There are appeals such as tenderness, ambitions, lust and susceptibility hence t hey seek resolution. By use of the personality appeal, these mental appeals must be met in order to be receptive to the advertisements being aired over the media. Nevertheless, it always difficult to penetrate through these unfulfilled desires of which other types of appeals must be used to supplement this form of appeal to the consumers. In addition, advertisers make efforts to appeal to the consumers by use of the exceptionally selected pictures of images. This is meant to trigger the shell of consciousness the consumers have developed. The images may be that of celebrities identified by the consumers, female models or very nice looking children. Some make use of the text while the majority makes use of the artwork. It is in the assumption that visual adverts are best appropriate for more primeval parts of the brain system. The consumers can easily be hooked when this form of appeal is combined with impression of satisfaction for stated intention. However, most adverts are always prejudged by the consumers with the type of content in the sense that majority tend to give the impression that if the consumers lack something, they have a solution or substitute for fulfilling their desires. Another form of appeal for most adverts that are aired over the media is the intense running force in the thoughts of the consumers. In line with this form of appeal is the creation of near permanent attachment to the products or services being merchandized. The identity of products, their producer, forms of packaging and the aims that are attached to its usage. The consumers have to be made aware of the most trivial details

Administrative Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Administrative Law Coursework - Essay Example the development of the state as an industrial welfare one and with the government extending its monitoring systems to almost all areas of socio-cultural and economic life, the judicial review of the decisions taken by the administration has become an absolute necessity to support the standpoint of the government to recognize the individual interests. During the last 15 years of so, the courts basing their courses on this broad-based approach of the government have also delivered their decisions in various cases recognizing the individual interests. The cited instance of the issue connected with the granting of more number of taxi licenses against the number of licenses announced as will be issued is a case falling under the purview o the Administrative Law which implies the exercise of the power of the government delegated to the local administrative bodies by the legislature through various statutes. This power enables the administrative bodies to follow the prescribed procedure regarding the exercise of such powers vested on them during any decision making process. â€Å"The administrative law emanates from the general rule of law that all government officials and public authorities are subject to the regular law of the land as administered by the courts†1. The officials and public authorities can exercise only those powers specifically vested on them by the legislature and this is to ensure that they are not exceeding their authority in making any decision in the administrative matters. The second premise is that even when the authorities are acting within the scope of authority the courts will have the power to intervene to ensure that follow the proper procedures already laid down in this connection. It is also imperative that such authorities take into account the interests of the individuals before arriving at any decision. The public officials while adopting the procedures for decision making under their powers should consider how the decisions need to

Research paper of Afro-American Music Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Afro-American Music - Research Paper Example He started to sing about his freedom which was given to him after the proclamation of independence. Blues music rose from this period. During the earlier days blues was called folk-blues. Many blues singers got jobs in entertainment groups and troupes and shows. Later on country music gained popularity which resulted in blues singers integrating country music into their singing which later on developed into a country oriented blues style (Ruehl) Jazz music started its motion in New Orleans. Improvisation is the most defining feature of this type of music. Born in the south of America this music recognizes the pain of lost love, injustice, and gives expression to the victory of surviving a broken heart as well as facing down hardships. It was the great musical tradition of New Orleans that blended folk, African drumming, church music, ragtime, blues etc, jazz music was born (History of jazz ). Jazz and blues music have lots of similarities together. In fact both are tangled and it is very difficult to separate them. Both of the music has emerged from the southern part of America. It was very much popular with the Afro-American population of that region. The musical forms of both jazz and blues are as a result of the collision of traditionally African rhythms and with that of European classical and folk music. Both jazz and blues are beloved and uniquely American forms of music. The actual origins of both jazz and blues cannot be located precisely. They are quite shrouded. This is because these types of music were generated out of poverty and the persons who developed them did not know that the music would get popular in the future. But both these music forms can be related to African-American spirituals and with that of songs sung by slaves at work places. These music contained early blends of European -African music. .Both jazz and blues music were once considered music of the devil. These types of

Human Development In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay

Human Development In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams - Essay Example The play tries to justify that complete and happy families should have the support of the male’s household heads. Amanda’s family has no father as he abandoned them. They try to find the happiness they do not have and end up living in fear and neglects. Therefore, Tom takes the responsibility to take care of the family despite his small age. The new roles affect his psychological development. Tom’s parental duties at a tender age deprive him of his prime youth experience. Human development is a process, and everyone should enjoy every stage of his or her life thus, psychological mismatch evidence in Tom’s boredom in family issues. Glass Menagerie emphasizes roles of parents in child development. However, the play illustrates strictness and decision making on behalf of kids as positive attributes of a good mother. Amanda is strict on Tom and Laura. She expresses her desire for Laura to have a right date and asks for Tom’s assistance but quickly becomes angry that she dropped out of typing class because of shyness. In psychological perspectives, parents should understand the strengths and weaknesses of their children and help them to overcome the challenges. Amanda’s approach is worse and only serves to humiliate Laura. She also offers little assistance to enable Laura to overcome shyness. Amanda is a character who does not tolerate mistakes among her children. Thus, she engages in every aspect of their lives with the notion of providing the moral support. Nonetheless, she portrays qualities of a mother who is overprotective. Her approach is not a healthy approach to parenting because she provides little time for the Tom and Laura to explore the world and establish their desires. Her actions are evident when she asks Tom to introduce Laura to a friend. Jim disappoints Laura making Amanda yell at Tom. She is the cause of her daughter’s heartbreak, and reason Tom left their home (Bloom 72).

Different Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Different Cultures - Essay Example Maya were never ambitious empire builders, but peaceful people who lived in harmony with nature. Roma are nomads originally lived in North West India, migrated to Persia, Middle East, and then to Constantinople to end in Western Europe and tiny population to US and Canada the last caused by World War II and Communism. Domari, Lomarvren and Romani like clans belong to this origin. This tribe was persecuted by Christians, Germans, were killed as witches, sometimes with legal and royal sanctions, were enslaved in Europe and if ever there was a population which was relentlessly hunted, tortured, systematically exterminated, they were the unfortunate Roma. Hitler went for 'getting rid of Gypsy plague' and Roma were part of holocaust and survivors did not get any support from Allies. They were the common targets of all, and should be appreciated for managing to survive, despite the murderous setbacks. They are still targeted by groups of insanity and governments have not done enough for them in any country. Maya's royalties cemented the kinship and the divine lineage by marrying ruling class members of other cities. Roma married young; courtships were allowed to some extent, but not more. Arranged, practical and sometimes love marriages were practiced, and marriages were a gala three day affair, after which, they lived with groom's parents, and only after they had children, they might be allowed to live a semi-detached life. Daughter in law is kept strictly under control and have to perform all her duties without anything in return. "The daughter-in-law must prove herself to her new family and is expected to perform services with little in return. She is expected to care for her in-laws and produce grandchildren. With the birth of her first child the daughter-in-law moves from the child or bori status to mother-of-the-child status" http://www3.baylor.edu/Charles_Kemp/gypsy_health.htm Maya did not have such rigidities, and marriages did not endanger women folk into slavery. Maya men were responsible for all outside work, earning and decision making. Women were home-bound, but not obsessively so, and took all decisions of home life and maintained a healthy economy. Aged people lived a good and sheltered life in family, because the elders were respected and cherished and here, they are close to Roma, where the house elders only could speak to outsiders and were never interrupted or advised or overruled. Both clans had gender regulated rules where women had to look after home and hearth and men, earning and external responsibilities. But Maya women definitely were more independent than Roma. Maya had rigid class system, but Roma did not have much of it, as all are equal and they were never ruled by kings, but only by a clan headman. Roma consider pregnancy and child birth unclean and keep the event out of familia home. Child is mainly mother's responsibility and mother should maintain state of wuzho and there are varied ceremonies for the father to accept the child as his own. Children are the

Mans Existence Defined by Being and Nothing Essay Example for Free

Mans Existence Defined by Being and Nothing Essay I. Introduction What makes a person alive? Should existence be defined simply by a persons biological and physical ability to move and breathe? Is existence proven by the mere physical presence of a living person? Philosophers down the ages have advanced many theories of how human existence is defined. Some have advance theories based on the establishment of being after the fulfillment of a lifes purpose. Others opined that a persons fear or experience of dread and nothingness defines existence. Some however believe that it is a combination of these yin/yang forces that define human existence. II. Discussions on Existence, Being and Nothingness People are defined as human beings in Biology.   It is what separates humans as a specie from animals.   But shouldn’t the word â€Å"human† be enough? What is the significance of the verb â€Å"be?†   Several theories have been advanced to define the tangible things one sees in life but as philosopher Martin Heidegger noticed, they have forgotten to ask what to â€Å"be† really is (Philipse. 1998. p18). The question of what defines human existence has intrigued philosophers over the ages. Theories have gone beyond the basic qualification of life as the simple and obvious ability to move and breathe. Existentialism however, puts forward the more abstract concepts of defining one’s being as influenced by boredom, freedom, commitment and alienation (Warnock.1970.p.4).   It separates the human existence into â€Å"being† and â€Å"nothing.† What makes a human a â€Å"being†? According to Heidegger, a de-constructional view of existence is necessary to include the essence of humans being as opposed to the classical thought of the obvious and therefore unexplored being (Philipse, 1998.p.3). One of Heidegger’s main influences, Edmund Huserll (Grimsley.1960.p.37) said that philosophy should be described in the context of human experience and goals.   People do and live in accordance with one â€Å"plan† or goal.   Heidegger modified this with his theory of â€Å"care,† (Cochrane. 1956. p112) which, simply stated means that a person’s priorities or what he or she considers important defines their existence.  Ã‚   For him, it is the motivation and the individual needs that define a person’s existence and thus shapes them into what they are. In his work â€Å"Being and Time,† Heidegger created the representation â€Å"Dasein† of the individual that seeks to answer the question as to why he exists.   He states the Dasein is â€Å"thrown† into a world of possibilities and responsibilities, and to account for his existence, the Dasein must take responsibility for all these possibilities (Cochrane, 1956 p. 136). Another philosopher who advances the notion of a reality governed by consciousness, Rene Descartes in his â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy† states that in human existence, the only thing that cannot be doubted is consciousness.   Reality can have many illusions, but a human being’s consciousness is constant which therefore makes it the only truth (Snooks, 1998.p 26). The famed German philosopher George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Stace,1955. p. 44) summed it up in the statement â€Å"the rational alone is real† which presented the idea that everything can and will only be expressed in rational categories His various works reflected methods predominantly rooted in logic According to Hegel,   the degree of comprehension of concepts is only limited or expanded by the standards of knowledge a person possesses and the level of society he belongs to (Stace,1955. p. 46)   . The ideas of existentialism contradict this. The definition of a person’s existence is not dependent on rational thinking but rather their individual â€Å"beings† in the world they were born in.   Reality in reference to one’s existence is subjective. In Sartre’s â€Å"Being and Nothingness,† he defines the actuality of man’s ideal of completion as the fulfillment of state of â€Å"Being† while nothingness is the failure or lack of this actuality (Schilpp. 1997.p.48) Like Hegel, Sartre also used the concepts of â€Å"Being† in terms of â€Å" in itself†, â€Å"for others†, and â€Å"for and in itself.†   Unlike Hegel however who defined these as organizational thought processes and logic in the individual, Sartre stated these terms with definitions done to identify and qualify the subjective and objective facets of human existence. Regarded as the â€Å"Father of Existentialism,† and one of Hegel’s greatest critics, Soren Kierkegaard (Malantschuk, 2003.p.11 )was a Danish philosopher who proposed that it is an individual’s feelings such as dread and anxiety that lead to making choices that define a person’s life. Kierkegaard believed that the difference between an individual’s self-perception of being and nothingness stems from the â€Å"individuality† of a person and that includes emotions and passions. A persons existence therefore, is brought about by his fears. He cites a parallel of faith and atheism.   In his theories that were viewed as anti-organized religion, Kierkegaard states that for a person to be able to â€Å"make a leap of faith,† one must first have doubt. Otherwise, one may not be able to differentiate faith from everyday emotions. In the same way, Being cannot exist without â€Å"Nothing† and vice-versa (Malantschuk, 2003.p.90) Kierkegaard also advanced the   paradoxical theory of the Concept of Dread (Ussher, 1968.p. 52). According to Kierkegaard’s concept of Dread, it is only when one has experienced total misery that one can recognize and experience life and living. Only by being a sacrificial Isaac would he recognise himself for the beloved of Abraham: and no miracle (he knew in the end) would intervene. (Ussher, 1968.p. 27). It is not unusual in today’s times to hear the maxim â€Å"You never know what you have unless you’ve lost it.†Ã‚   The misery or anxiety at the thought of losing something makes one realize how much value they have truly assigned to something. The thought of this is echoed in German journalist Helmut Kuhn’s â€Å"Encounter with Nothingness: An Essay on Existentialism† (1949): The question of existence is urged upon us chiefly by our interest. We raise it when we care for the existence or the nonexistence of something. When darkness closes down, we do get excited about the existence of light (Kuhn, 1949) Immanuel Kant presented a style of inquiry that takes to consideration the physiological and empirical facets of a person’s state of Being. Kant believed that an introspective approach was necessary for one to understand and make sense of ones own being (Kant, 1965). Sartre, one of the strongest critics of Kantian theory argues that the notion that human emotions are insignificant and occasional â€Å"situations† that occur of an individual’s behavior is unacceptable. Moreover, emotion must not be considered as a set of empirical facts gained through introspection or as a corporeal phenomenon , but rather as an organized form of human existence   (Schilpp, 1997.p.13) As a person’s existence and state of â€Å"Being† are subjective, so is the definition of â€Å"nothingness.† The lexicon meaning of the word â€Å"nothing† is given as â€Å"1 : not any thing : no thing; 2 : no part;   3 : one of no interest, value, or consequence† In philosophy however, despite the many theories that sought to define existence, the definition of the word nothing seems to be universal.   It simply means failure to attain a state of Being through lack of fulfillment and failure at the attainment of purposes or goals. III. Summary The human being and existence is a complex and paradoxical concept.   All the concepts are true in a sense, but were never really complete in describing or pinpointing the meaning of life. Different schools of thought range from describing human existence in a mathematical sense then evolving into the more abstract consideration of complex human emotions. Classical philosophy in its rational and logical basis, says it is Mind over matter. Sartre, Hegel and Heideggers philosophies are summed up in the End justifies the Means. Kierkegaards neurotic view of the existence as a result of anxiety and dread is summed up in You dont know what you have until youve lost it. IV. Conclusion Given the many points of view advanced, there remains a constant, and that is recognition of the human free will. It is the will that makes a choice that rational, experiential or pessimistic, influences the End that defines and justifies a persons existence. A persons experience of past and present in addition to his perception of what the future could be are subjective.   The significance people place on certain things is also subjective.   Reactions are subjective.   Life is subjective.   One can choose to define existence in the manner of different philosophies. However, it is important to note that these schools of thought are not rules that encompass every persons experience of life.

A Separate Peace Essay Example for Free

A Separate Peace Essay In the book, A Separate Peace, the author, John Knowles, writes to us a novel about war, but happens to focus more on the war within the human heart. This novel tells a story of two boys’ co-dependency during World War Two, and explores the difficulties with understanding the self during adolescence. Identity is complicated enough as the narrator, Gene Forrester, enters adulthood in a time of war, but a difficult friendship with a fellow student and rival leads to a further confusion of identity. Early in the book, the boys’ relationship is charged by Gene’s jealousy and hate of Phineas’ leadership. However, after Phineas falls from the tree, Gene ejects his darker feelings from himself and turns their relationship in a new direction where co-dependency, instead of envy, drives it. The central relationship between Gene and Finny, involves a troublesome search to authorize identity outside of co-dependency. Gene Forrester is a boy with many conflicts that he must face throughout his high school year. The most significant of these troubles is, without a doubt, Gene’s struggle with his own identity. At first Gene is displeased with his personality, or lack thereof. He envies his best friend, Phineas’ (Finny’s), wit, charm, and leadership. Throughout the book, Gene repeatedly finds himself acting like his friend, a transformation occurring that Gene is unaware of. There are a number of significant transformations within this story. Phineas is transformed from an active athlete into a cripple after his accident and then sets out to transform Gene in his place. This change is the beginning process by which Gene’s identity begins to blur into Finny’s, a transformation symbolized by Gene’s putting on Finny’s clothes one evening soon after the accident. â€Å"I washed the traces off me and then put on a pair of chocolate brown slacks, a pair in which Phineas had been particularly critical of when he wasn’t wearing them, and a blue flannel shirt† (78). This is the first time in the book that we notice just how much Gene is codependent on Phineas, even when he is gone. From this point on, Gene and Phineas come to depend on each other for psychological support. Gene playing sports because Phineas cannot, â€Å"Listen, pal, if I can’t play sports, you’re going to play them for me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this allows Finny to train Gene to be the athlete that Finny himself cannot be. This training seems to be a path for Phineas simply to live vicariously through Gene. But Gene actively welcomes his attempt, for just as Finny acquires inner strength through Gene, Gene also finds happiness in losing the person he dislikes, himself, into the person he truly likes, Phineas. †¦and I lost part of myself to him then, and a soaring sense of freedom revealed that this must have been my purpose from the first: to become part of Phineas. † (77) In this way, the boys’ relationship becomes a perfect illustration of co-dependency, with each feeling off of and becoming fulfilled by, the other. This newfound co-dependency begins the evolution of the boys’ individual identities. Finny knows himself throughout the book, and is comfortable in his own skin, at least at first. After his fall, he becomes more withdrawn and tends to hide his true feelings. He seems to lose himself as the book progresses. The innocence and general good nature that defined him early on is lost in later chapters, as he continually deludes himself as to Gene’s true intentions. Gene, on the other hand, hides his true identity from Phineas and the others through most of the novel. Yet Gene truly reveals himself at several key points such as pushing Finny from the tree. The boys are living in their own secret illusions that World War Two is a mere conspiracy created by old men and continuing to believe that Gene, Finny through him, will go to the Olympics and that the world can’t change their dreams. The boys are refusing to develop their own goals and responsibilities without each other. Not even Finny’s death, though it separates them physically, can truly disentangle Gene’s identity from Phineas’. Gene feels as though Finny’s funeral is his own. In a way, the funeral is indeed Gene’s own. So much of Gene is intermixed with Phineas that it is difficult to imagine one boy existing without the other. The entire novel becomes Gene’s recollection of building his own identity, culminating in his return to Devon years later, where he is finally able to come to terms with what he’s done. During the time I was with him, Phineas created an atmosphere in which I continued now to live, a way of sizing up the world with erratic and entirely personal reservations, letting it’s rocklike facts sift through and be accepted only a little at a time, only as much as he could assimilate without a sense of chaos and loss† (194). It is perhaps only his understanding that Phineas alone has no enemy that allows the older Gene to reestablish a separate identity. One that is inferior to Phineas’.

Sepsis Infection Causes and Effects

Sepsis Infection Causes and Effects Sepsis affects 18 million people worldwide each year (Slade et al 2003). Sepsis remains life threatening and mortality rate remains high approximately 40-50 % (Opport et al2005). We, nurses in all areas of practice, will care for septic patients during our professional carreer.Many nurses receive little training in how to identify sepsis or how important early and aggressive treatment to help prevent the condition. I am very interested to discuss about sepsis, because I have looked after many patients with sepsis. The aim of this essay is to raise awareness of sepsis, so that nurses will have a greater understanding of this condition and feel more confident in the identification and treatment. The definition of sepsis is the presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria in the patients with a new infection. Once sepsis becomes complicated by a dysfunction in one or more organs, this defines severe sepsis. Bacteria cause 90% cases of sepsis. They are two types, gram negative and gram positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobactor, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia, Proteus and Bacteroides fragilis are the gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Alpha and beta-hemolytic streptococci are the gram-positive bacteria (Edwards 2001). Gram-negative bacterial infection causes most cases of sepsis. Viruses or fungi can also cause sepsis, particularly Candida spp (Cohen et al 2004). The surviving sepsis campaign (formed in2002) is an international collaboration to improve the diagnosis, management and treatment of sepsis. The main aims of the campaign are: To increase the awareness of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock among health care staff and the public. Develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of severe sepsis. Ensure that the guidelines put into practice to create a global standard of care for patients with sepsis. Reduce the mortality from sepsis worldwide by 25 percent in the five years following the publication of evidence-based guidelines in 2004 (Dellinger et al 2004). It is essential that nurses are aware of the evidence-based guidelines as our role is crucial to the success of the campaign. Nurses are in an ideal position to identify the first signs of a patient developing sepsis, and the sooner treatment begins the less likely the condition is to spread and result in organ dysfunction or failure (Ahrens and Tuggle 2004). Infection is a major reason for patients admitted to hospitals and some patients may develop infections while in hospital (DH2003). Infection can found in any system of the body. The most common sources of infection that can lead to sepsis are: Respiratory tract: community-acquired pneumonia or health care-associated pneumonia. Intra-abdominal-cavity: infection might result from diverticulitis, appendicitis, perforated bowel, and ischemic or necrotic bowel. Central nervous system-such as meningitis. Genitourinary system: urosepsis is an infection, which might result from an obstruction in the urinary system, or catheter related infection. Skin: wound infections, cellulitis or necrotizing infections of the skin and soft tissues with rapid destruction of tissue, such as necrotizing fasciitis. Intravascular Catheters: any invasive catheters (central venous catheter or peripheral canulae. Many organ systems may affect during the sepsis syndrome. Respiratory system: As the effects of of sepsis progress, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur. During sepsis, there is a decrease in the performance of the ventillatory muscles, which leads to hypercapneic ventillatory failure and respiratory arrest These happens when metabolic demands on the ventillatory muscles. Tachypnoea,hypoxia and respiratory alkalosis are associated with the early onset of ARDS, followed after 48 hours by pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory failure (Mortelliti Manning). Sepsis leads to an increase in lung permeability, the sequestration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and respiratory failure. These affect the function of respiratory system (Nagase, Uzumi Ishii). Cardio vascular system: The dysfunction of cardio vascular system is also observed in patients with sepsis, where both the heart and blood vessels show hypersensitivity. An increased amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines and vasoactive substances is present during sepsis. Following the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, production of nitric oxide is increase in both the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. This leads to a fall in systemic vascular resistance, thereby hypotension (Patterson Webster). Renal Dysfunction: Normally, the kidney regulates perfusion and glomerular filtration via autoregulation, which is dependent on the afferent and efferent arterioles. Autoregulation of the kidney, is affected during sepsis. Coagulation system: Sepsis often associated with a disorder of coagulation secondary to the cytokine-mediated activation of the coagulation pathway. This secondary disorder, known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It causes bleeding and micro vascular thrombi, both implicated in multiple organ failure and soft-tissue damage (Meijers Bouma). Diagnosis can base on the presence of fever and other abnormalities of vital signs, as well as the presence of one or more organ dysfunctions that are not the original site of infection or trauma (Ahamed). Sepsis syndrome is characterized by; alteration in body temperature regulation, tachycardia, lowered systemic vascular resistance, respiratory alkalosis, leococytosis, leucopenia and some form of organ dysfunction(Chistman, Holden and Blackhell).It does not discriminate between different ages, underlying disease, genetic background, infecting micro-organisms or sites of infection. Sepsis can occur in people who were previously healthy. The infecting organism may be a temporary defect in the hosts defense. Defects may be located in specific or non-specific cellular barriers, humoral immunity barriers and physical barriers such as the skin or mucous membranes and reflexes such as cough and peristalsis (Maskin, Fountain and Spinedi et al). In understanding the changes that happen to the body in severe sepsis, it is helpful to remind ourselves of the changes that occur during the normal immune response. Cells damaged by infection from bacteria, viruses, chemical agents or trauma produce the same non-specific defensive response of inflammation. Regardless of the cause, inflammation has three basic phases; vasodialatation and increased permeability of blood vessels; emigration of phagocytes; and tissue repair (Tortora and Grabowski, 2000). Vasodilatation brings more blood to the damaged area, and the increased permeability allows phagocytes and antibodies to pass out from the circulation. The clotting cascade is also activated. Clot formation is part of the normal immune response, and may be the bodys attempt to confine any invading organism to one area of body (Ahrens and Vollman, 2003). This inflammatory response and activation of the clotting system is to repair damaged tissues and prevent further damage. Clinical assessment is important in patients with sepsis. Any patients who triggers early warning score, should be assessed initially using the ABCDE approach. This systemic approach ensures that the life threatening problems are assessed and managed in order of importance. The Resuscitation Council 2006 also recommends that clinical staff should follow ABCDE approach when assessing and treating critically ill patients. It is sensible to adopt this systemic approach to the assessment of sepsis patient (ABC of sepsis). Airway: An assessment should be made of the patency of airway. If patient is alert and talking, there is less chance of an airway problem. Breathing: The bodys demand for oxygen rises in sepsis. As demand outstrips supply, lactic acidosis occurs. These processes combine to elevate the respiratory rate. The depth and pattern of respiratory rate should evaluate in addition to any asymmetry of chest movement. Listen for abnormal sounds include expiratory wheeze, suggesting obstruction of the lower airway and crepitating suggest the secretion, pulmonary oedema or consolidation. If a respiratory problem is identified, attention should be given to oxygen therapy and to the possible need for bronchodilators and physiotherapy. The response to therapy should be assessing repeatedly. Pulse oximetry is mandatory, and ABG and chest X-ray is helpful. Circulation: Attention should pay to the colour of the skin, particularly peripherally. Pallor is suggestive of hypo perfusion and may suggest a low cardiac output. Heart sound should auscultate to seek murmur. Feel for the peripheral skin temperature. In decompensated sepsis, where the cardiac output begins to fall, the peripheries may appear cool. Capillary refill time is useful test of perfusion. The heart rate and rhythm should asses by palpitation of peripheral pulses. Disability: Sepsis can produce confusion, agitation and reduced conscious level due to reduced cerebral perfusion. Fluid resuscitation can restore cerebral function. It is important to check blood sugar because; hypoglycemia can also produce these signs and is readily correctable. The conscious level can quickly asses and communicate using the AVPU scale.( A-Alert,V-responds to voice,P-responds to pain,U-unresponsive). Exposure: The patient should be examined from head to toe seeking the source of sepsis. Consideration should be given to the patients dignity during this assessment, and it should be recognized that exposure can cause rapid temperature loss. Therefore, it is essential to check peripheral temperature. When treating patients with sepsis, the first hour known as the golden hour because the treatment given or not given during that time can have significant impact on the survival (ACS 1997).To be able to treat patients in the `golden hour` we must first be able to recognize it confidently. Studies have shown that patients admitted to intensive care unit from the wards are often not referred early enough. Sometimes receive suboptimal care, which can increase patients mortality (McQuillan et al1998).Vincent et al 2002 suggest that some patients with sepsis are recognized late and are not treated appropriately before transfer to ICU. In March 2004, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign produced comprehensive guidelines on the management of patients with severe sepsis. Initial treatment within one hour of diagnosis is, Give supplemental oxygen therapy, via facemask, to achieve SpO2>94%. Obtain blood specimen lactate, full blood count, urea and electrolytes, glucose, liver function tests, coagulation screen and blood culture two sets. Samples from sputum, urine, wound swab etc as appropriate. Blood cultures should be taken before antibiotics are given to identify any microorganisms that may be in the blood and it should from a peripheral vein and from any invasive catheters that the patient may have in situ.Blood cultures are not always positive in patient with sepsis. Cohen et al (2004) suggest that care should take when obtaining blood cultures to prevent them becoming contaminated and giving a false positive result. Administer intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. In severe sepsis antibiotics should be given within one hour of diagnosis (Dellinger et al, 2004). Giving prompt antibiotic therapy may reduce mortality by 10-15 percent, compared with patients in whom antibiotic therapy is delayed (Wheeler Bernard, 1999). Any septic patient who has a lactate level above 4mmol/L should be considered to have severe sepsis even if the blood pressure is within the normal range. If patient is hypotensive, fluid resuscitate up to 3boluses of 500ml normal saline to maintain MAP>65/systolic 100mmhg (Trusts sepsis care pathway). Consider catheterization to maintain fluid balance. If the patient have signs of severe sepsis, needs referral to ICU. Signs of severe sepsis are; Systolic blood pressure below 90mmHg or MAP below 65mmHg, lactate above 2mmol/L, urine output below 0.5ml/kg/hr for 2 hours, INR above1.5, bilirubin above 34mol/L, platelets below 100mol/L, creatinine above 177mmol/L. Some patients develop severe sepsis from infections they acquire while in hospital. One in ten NHS hospital patients are affected by healthcare associated infections(HCAIs) each year(DH2003).The most common of these infections are urinary infections as a result of indwelling urinary catheters and pneumonia.Therefore,nurses must make continued efforts to play an active part in reducing the number of HCAIs as this can potentially lead to fewer patients developing sepsis . Ahrens and Tuggle (2004) suggest that it may also be beneficial to raise the publics awareness of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and the warning signs of developing sepsis. This may help to achieve the main aim of the campaign, which is to reduce mortality.Sepsis, is a common condition and can be fatal. A good knowledge of the signs and symptoms of sepsis is the key to prompt recognition. Every patient suspected having sepsis should have blood taken for a serum lactate level. In patients with severe sepsis, early aggressive treatment and adherence to evidence-based guidelines can help to save lives. In addition, efforts to reduce HCAIs can aid in the reduction of the incidence of sepsis.

food :: essays research papers

Food Food is the connector to everything that surrounds our culture. Each celebration includes a huge feast. We believe food tastes better when it is shared with family, relatives, and many other people. In my grandfather Makivik's time, all types of food were cached on the land, ready for a celebration. Back then there were many ways to prepare the foods, including different types of sauces and dips. I know of three sauces that are very good: aalu, misiraq, and nirukkaq. Aalu is made from choice parts of caribou or seal. Here is the recipe. Make sure the meat is very lean and clean. Cut it up in tiny pieces and put it in a bowl. Add a few drops of melted fat. Then add a few drops of blood. Add uruniq (ptarmigan intestine) to taste. Stir everything very friskily with your fingers until the volume doubles and the mixture turns fluffy. This is one of the most popular dips for all kinds of meat. Misiraq is another dip that is made all over the North today. It is made from blubber. Cut up pieces of seal blubber, whale, or ujjuk (square flipper seal), making sure not to include any meat. Put the blubber in a safe container with a perforated top — for example, an old coffee tin container. Don't use plastic bags or containers with airtight lids. Store it in a cool place where it can be slowly aged away from heat. When it ages properly the liquid ends up clear, like a fine white wine. The aroma is delicious and never bitter. (If it smells bad, throw it out! The offensive smell means it hasn't aged properly.) All kinds of meats can be dipped in misiraq. The third dip is called nirukkaq. It requires special care. Nirukkaq is the contents of caribou stomach. Here is my Uncle Annowalk's recipe. The hunter, when butchering the caribou, carefully removes the stomach contents and puts them into a container. The contents are frozen until ready to be used. When the time comes, the contents are thawed and a process called siingijaijuq is begun. This involves cleaning the contents very carefully with kneading motions. Undesirables like pieces of grass, leaves, lichen or lumps are removed. When smooth, it is ready. Caribou meat is used for dipping. Our food is much more than just frozen or raw meats and sauces. We also enjoy different types of dried fish and meats, such as caribou.

Did Israel Cause the Events of September 11? :: Threats to World Peace

I will never forget the strange mix of terror and happiness in my fathers voice the afternoon of September 11, 2001. Knowing his proximity to the World Trade Center(3 blocks), and seeing the terrifying images of the attack on the television screen, I rushed to a phone after class and tried desperately to make contact. The moments that followed seemed like forever. Because of the tie-up in the phone lines, it took about 15 minutes to get through to New York. When I finally did get through, I was relieved to hear his familiar voice. He seemed to feel lucky that he had been fortunate enough to make it out of the terror alive. At the same time, he talked about the difficulty he was already having in getting the horrific events he had witnessed out of his mind. He recounted seeing both Towers fall and the searing images of groups of human beings jumping out of burning buildings hand in hand. Those indelible images will surely stay with him and with us for a lifetime. This story illustrates just how personally the catastrophe has hit home for me. As an American, I believe it has changed the course of our lives, and there are several ways I see America going from here. Many individuals have called for peace, while others for an all out retaliatory strike. I don’t think the question is that simple. It is now up to our leaders to make these difficult choices which may change our way of life as we know it, and we are going to have to make some strong decisions as citizens in order to let them know what we believe needs to get done. I think we have to acknowledge that this event was not an isolated incident. It has made a direct impact on the way each and every American born in this era will live their life. I will never again feel safe while riding in an airplane and that prospect frightens me. If we are no longer safe to do the simple things such as take a trip or go to a ballgame, how can we feel that we are free? In the end, the point of all this seems not only to be an attack on our country, but rather an attack on our freedom.

Proposal To Reduce Unemployment Essay examples -- Economics, Unemployme

In the past fifty years the economy of the United States has changed dramatically, whether it be the social or economic status. What can be said is that with the current recession that has taken place the lives of millions of Americans are being affected everyday. More jobs are being cut, and newer job opportunities are being taken away because of insufficient funds or lack of education. What I am planning to propose is a budget that will drastically change the way the economy has been looked upon in the last century. More so I plan to introduce a way to fit a newer form of a capitalist economy into the government system, mainly to increase the percentage of American work force between seventy-five percent to eighty-five percent to preserve better living conditions. First thing that has to be looked upon when we think of unemployment are the unemployment benefits. Unemployment benefits can be described as a back door for employees in the situation that they lose their jobs. The unemployment benefits provides temporary financial assistance to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of his/her own. Under this, each state administers a separate insurance program to provide financial service to those qualified under state law. In order to meet these requirements an employee must have a base period, or wages earned during a certain time. The base period is usually the first four out of all five calendar quarters prior to the time a file is claimed. Now there are two ways of filing a claim. One is filing a claim in the state that one resides in. the other would be to file a claim in a non-residential state. Shortly after two to three weeks of filing a claim, an unemployed worker should rec... ... for retirement. After a six month period, the workfare laborer is allowed to apply for a minimum wage job in regular workforce and leaves his/her workfare job that is passed on to another person in need. In a recap, the three policies introduced, the Unemployment Reformation Act of 2059, the Infinite Education Opportunities Program Act, and the Unity Tax, will be a vital part in restoring and surpassing expectations for decreasing the percentage of Americans unemployed by ten to fifteen percent within the next six to eight months. I believe that with these policies the chances of a recession will not occur for a long period of time. For that matter, a recession may not occur again depending on how successful the unemployment plans develop. Nevertheless, I predict that by the year 2109 the employment rate for Americans will reach eighty-three to eighty-five percent.

A Business Plan to Start a New Business S P Hatcheries India Ltd.

Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. , prepared as a part of the curriculum Management Studies and Research at Humera Khan Institute of Management Studies and Research. Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. , prepared as a part of the curriculum Management Studies and Research at Humera Khan Institute of Management Studies and Research.Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. Venue: HK Bldg. , Adj MHADA Complex, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai-102 | Tel. : 26774639 / 26774588 – Fax: 26790095 Venue: HK Bldg. , Adj MHADA Complex, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai-102 | Tel. : 26774639 / 26774588 – Fax: 26790095 Submitted to: Prof. Sadaf Khan Submitted By: DARSHAN PATIL ROSHAN VICHARE DHAWAL SHAH RUBY SINGH Content: Project Informa tion * COMPANY PROFILE * EXECUTIVE SUMMERY * PROJECT INTRODUCTION * PRODUCT INFORMATION * PRODUCT FEATURES NUTRITION CONTENT * VITAMINS CONTENTS * OTHER PROTEIN SOURCES * COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE i. Protein Shake v/s Solid Protein ii. Technology behind the Project * GENETICS PROCESS * SALMONELLA TREATMENT * EXAMPLE OF HYPOTHETICAL DIET PLAN ————————————————- COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY NAME: OFFICE ADDRESS: S P HUTCHRIES INDIA LTD. 3372, Chavata, Old Nashik Road, Chavata, Nashik-. Office Contact No. : 0250-2513905 E-mail id for Support: [email  protected] com Website: www. sp15. com ————————————————-A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. India’s poultry industry represents a major success story. While agricultural production has been ri sing at the rate around 2 percent per annum over the past two to three decades, poultry production has been rising at the rate of around 8 percent per annum, with an annual turnover of US$ 7 500 million. The future outlook for Indian poultry also appears to be very favorable. The most conservative estimates predict a two- to three-fold increase in poultry production over the next ten or fifteen years.A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. India’s poultry industry represents a major success story. While agricultural production has been rising at the rate around 2 percent per annum over the past two to three decades, poultry production has been rising at the rate of around 8 percent per annum, with an annual turnover of US$ 7 500 million. The future outlook for Indian poultry also appears to be very favorable. The most conservative estimates predict a two- to three-fold increase in poultry production over the next ten or fifteen years.EXECUTIVE SUMMERY The poultry farming in India occupies an important position due to its enormous potential to bring about rapid economic growth, particularly benefiting the weaker sections due its low investment requirement and short gestation period. The poultry, which was considered as a backyard proposition in the early 60’s has now been transformed into a strong agro based commercial activity having tremendous employability and income generation potential contributing nearly 0. 7% of the national GDP and about 10% of the Livestock GDP.We four of us planned to start this business after going through surveys and studies about many egg consumers who are now shifted from the normal egg to protein shake. Our focus was not only Maharashtra but all the egg consumers of India who prefers an added protein over the normal egg. Secondly our focus is on professions like Body-Building, Athletes, Actors, Sports persons those who are concentrating on the health. So we are planning the processed egg with ‘High Protein Content’ as well as keeping the muscle growth in mind.According to marketing analysis we found that customer always need something new as well as cost effective options. i. e. Greater Value with lesser cost. Currently in the market there are two qualities present Layers and Desi keeping this thing in mind we are coming with a new quality of the egg. Introducing our Brand – â€Å" SP15 † ————————————————- PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Project Brief Layer farm business is an agro-based project. This can be started in both rural and semi-urban areas. According to the current industry practice, poultry sheds are available on rent basis.These sheds have complete required facilities and equipment. The rent varies between Rs 0. 5 to Rs 1 per square e feet depending upon the location and facilities at the farm. Major portion of the cost includ es bird feed. Day old chicks of Layer are initially reared for a period of 18 weeks. On completion of 18 weeks, the birds start laying eggs for the period of next 52 weeks. On an average, one layer lays about 300 eggs per laying season of 52 weeks. After the completion of laying period, the layers are sold in the market as culled birds.The selling price of these birds is determined on per bird basis. 1. 2 Opportunity Rationale Layer farming is a profitable business as the produce of the farm provides high quality animal protein which is daily requirement of the human body. Animal Protein is more valuable than that of plant protein. The average availability of protein is 11 grams a day, which is far less than the recommended daily dietary protein consumption of 26 grams according to the World Health Organization Standards. The bodybuilder’s diet consists of 3 meals a day, plus several snacks in between the meals.Protein shakes are the best option for those snacks. Usually a pr otein shake consists of protein powder, skim milk, and flavouring of fresh or frozen fruit. If a protein shake is prepared correctly, it is a great high-protein, low-fat bodybuilding food. There is also an opportunity in this field if we can give an optional product with added protein content. 1. 3 Total Project Cost A Poultry farm with a population of 5,000 birds started in a rented shed requires a small capital investment of about Rs 62,000 for purchasing farm machinery and equipment.A sum of about Rs 288,000 is required as working g capital, which will be used for purchasing day old chicks and raw material (feed & vaccines) etc. 1. 4 Proposed Capacity 5000-birds are the minimum economic size to start a layer farm, where the operational and fixed costs are justifiable. These birds are kept for sixteen months, which includes a rearing period of 4. 5 months and laying period of 12 months. Layer Farm layout —————————†”——————- PRODUCT INFORMATION Product Name: â€Å"SP15† Product Preview: Mission Statement: â€Å"We Nourish People† Product Tagline: â€Å"The Best Square Meal† ———————————————— PRODUCT FEATURES Following are the features of the SP15 * Modified Hen egg * High protein * Salmonella Treated * With essential nutrients. NUTRITION CONTENT: VITAMINS CONTENTS: OTHER PROTEIN SOURCES: Protein source| Protein content (gm)| Per| Hen egg(Normal)| 5-6. 5| 1 Whole| Chicken| 6. 5| 25gms| Cottage cheese| 5| 25gms| Fish| 6. 6| 25gms| ————————————————- COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE Protein Shake v/s Solid Protein: Whey protein is absorbed very fast (in some cases, depending on heating time of the product, about 1hr).Thus, sol id protein takes longer to digest and absorb giving you the ability to have a positive nitrogen balance and steady release of Amino Acids. Whey enters the blood stream very fast, but also leaves very fast. Technology behind the Project: Use: Layers, White leghorns hen to breed: We will be using a special breed of the Hens for this project. This breed is a very high quality layer called Leghorns. This Breed lays 300 Eggs per year. ————————————————- GENETICS PROCESS R&D will do genetic modification on parent specimen of hens.In this process they will modify the gene which is responsible for protein production. After this process hens will be kept for the laying the eggs ————————————————- SALMONELLA TREATMENT The eggs first gets inspected and then selected for the S almonella Treatment. Following picture depicts the Salmonella. Scientists prepare to inspect eggs for Salmonella enteritidis contamination. (Photo credit: Stephen Ausmus/USDA) After selection of the eggs they undergo following Salmonella Process: * Step 1- Use of Lugol’s solution Step-2 Use of Chlorohexidine + Ethanol + Quaternary Ammonium solution * Step 3- Fleming Eggs undergoing Salmonella Treatment ————————————————- EXAMPLE OF HYPOTHETICAL DIET PLAN * Hypothetical diet plan of body building professional. * If he needs 150gms proteins per day, he has to eat 25eggs i. e. 25*6=150gms * But he will need only 10,SP15 eggs, to get 150gms of proteins. i. e. 10*15=150gms ————————————————- MARKETING PLAN * UNIQUE SELLING PREPOSITION (USP) * MARKETING STRATEGY * MARKET SEGMENTATION 1. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC . AGE DEMOGRAPHIC 3. SALARY DEMOGRAPHIC * TARGET AUDIENCE * VALUE PROPOSITION * SWOT ANALYSIS ————————————————- UNIQUE SELLING PREPOSITION (USP) ————————————————- â€Å"Only added PROTEINS with no side effects† ————————————————- ————————————————- MARKETING STRATEGY Marketing Strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. ———— ———————————— POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 ————————————————- AGE DEMOGRAPHIC Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Total Population| EEgg Eating Population| ————————————————- TARGET AUDIENCE * Health conscious people * Film Actors * Sport persons * Body building professional. ————————————————-VALUE PROPOSITION ——————————â €”—————- SWOT ANALYSIS S Strengths * Technological and financial support from NECC S Strengths * Technological and financial support from NECC T Threats Price fluctuation in market due to the inflation Eg. Diesel price hike at regular intervals Many diseases associated with the hens. T Threats Price fluctuation in market due to the inflation Eg. Diesel price hike at regular intervals Many diseases associated with the hens. Opportunities There is Large Market Size for this product. O OpportunitiesThere is Large Market Size for this product. O W Weaknesses * This is a strong business sector so there are no weaknesses in this business. W Weaknesses * This is a strong business sector so there are no weaknesses in this business. ————————————————- Financial Plan Our Financial Plan includes following things: * Land And Building * Project cos t * Financing * Projected Income Statement * Key Assumptions 1. Production Assumption 2. Expense Assumption 3. Revenue Assumptions 4. Financial Assumption ————————————————-LAND & BUILDING Recommended Mode for Acquiring Land It is recommended that the proposed project should be started in a rented shed. This option will help us to save on the capital cost required for constructing new sheds. Normally, these sheds are located along the roadsides around the cities and rural areas. Generally, the rate prevailing in the market is around Rs 1 per square feet. Space Requirements | Required (SQ. FT) | Shed Space @ 2 Sq. ft / Bird | 10000 | Store Room | 64 | Rooms For Guards & workers | 144 | Pavement/Driveway | 510 | Total project space required | 10718 |Rent | 1 Re | Total Rent | 10718 | Suitable Locations Sub-urban and rural areas around the major cities of the country are recom mended for starting a layer farm. Setting up a farm at an isolated place will minimize the risk of disease. Infrastructure Requirements * Road * Electricity * Water * Drainage of rain water ————————————————- Project Cost Project Cost | Rs. | Machinery & equipment Cost | 62000 | Total Fixed Cost | 62000 | Raw Material Inventory | 159614 | Prepaid Bldg. Rent(10718 *12) | 128616 | Total Working Capital | 288320 |Total Project Cost(INITIAL) | 350230 | ————————————————- Financial Planning INITIAL FINANCING | | Rs. In actual | Debt | 50% | 175115 | Equity | 50% | 175115 | ————————————————- Projected Income Statement Particulars | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Sa les| 1510361 | 1546687 | 2912468 | (COGS) | (1501526) | (1437091) | (1750737) | G. P | 8836 | 109595 | 1161731 | (Op. Exp) | (69792) | (72494) | (68913) | Op. Profit | (60956) | 37101 | 1092818 | (Non OP. Exp) | (156634) | (218451) | (260406) | NPBT | (217591) | (181351) | 832412 | TAX @ 20%) | Nil | Nil | (166344) | NPAT | (217591) | (181351) | 666068 | Retained Earnings | – | – | – | Beginning of Year | Nil | (217591) | (398941) | End of year | (217591) | (398941) | 267127 | ————————————————- Key Assumptions 1) Production Assumptions:- Maximum Capacity Utilization | 100% | Number of Birds per Flock | 5000 | Number of Flocks per Year | 1 | Total Mortality Rate | 5% | Mortality Rate (Rearing Period) | 3% | Mortality Rate (Laying Period) | 2% | Total Mortality Loss (Birds) | 250 | Total number of Birds Laying Eggs | 4750 |Length of Rearing Period (Month s) | 4. 5 | Length of Laying Period (Months) | 12 | Lag time between the Flock(Weeks) | 2 | 2) Expense Assumption:- Maximum Capacity Utilization | 100% | Number of Birds per Flock | 5000 | Number of Flocks per Year | 1 | Total Mortality Rate | 5% | Mortality Rate (Rearing Period) | 3% | Mortality Rate (Laying Period) | 2% | Total Mortality Loss (Birds) | 250 | Total number of Birds Laying Eggs | 4750 | Length of Rearing Period (Months) | 4. 5 | Length of Laying Period (Months) | 12 | Lag time between the Flock(Weeks) | 2 | 3) Revenue Assumption:-Number. of eggs laid/Bird/Month (Dozens) | 2 | Availability of Eggs in Year 1 (Months) | 7. 5 | Production Capacity in Year 1 (Dozens) | 71250 | Eggs selling price (per Dozen) | 21 | Birds selling price | 20 | Litter selling price (per Flock) | 1500 | Feed Bags selling price (in Rs) | 5 | Sales price growth rate | 10% | 4) Financial Assumptions:- Project life (Years) | 10 | Debt | 50% | Equity | 50% | Interest rate on long-term debt | 16% | Interest rate on short term debt | 16% | Debt tenure (Years) | 5 | Minimum Cash Balance | 10000 | Economy Growth Rate | 10% |

Chiquita Banana Overview Essay

Chiquita Brands Inter book bindingic, Inc. is adept of the close to grievous international foodstuffers and distri entirelyors of food products derived from banana tree trees, as hale as other proceedss and healthy pungency products. Chiquita banana tree r even outues for al nearly $3 virtuoso thousand thousand dollars a social class and employs much(prenominal)(prenominal) than 21,000 plenty and ope esteems in roughly 70 countries worldwide. Chiquita bananatogether with Dole, Del Monte and Fyffes control close to 80% of the global banana grocery store. In 1993 the EU cr depleteed the commonality Organization of the foodstuff in bananas (COMB) to deport with the harsh arguing among these companies. They would allow duty pardon access to the EU entirely elicitdid to quotas to bananas from the Africas, Caribbean and Pacific, dapple bananas from Latin America were grammatical case to an present and now tax of 176 Euros per net ton and a quota of 2 533 t. As an Ameri screwing comp all we eat decided to take advantage of the brisk treaty restricting Latin Ameri rear end and ACP countries from merchandiseing bananas to the EU. It will non be an easy task because we still curb to compete a realisest europiuman banana manufacturing tradings, in time we atomic number 18 an established union and we atomic number 18 determined to benefit from this event and gain food market sh argon in the europiuman Union. PESTEL analysis for the European UnionpoliticalThe European Union is composed of 28 subdivision states.The EU has weed a unmarried market by standardizing laws indoors the member states.Some of the objectives of cr take in this union is to piddle a break away flow on the circulation of dear(p)s, metropolis, battalion and services within the union. Once a good or service is authorized within the union it is protected from customs, taxes and import quotas as long as they outride within the union.Free move handst of capital is in be givened to allow dowerment of properties amidst countries, approximatelything that could help banana growers since they can timber for much fertile land in neighboring countries.The m geniustary policy is the Eurozone and is governed by the European Central Bank.ECONOMICThe European Unions gross domestic product is bedded as number one in the world accounting for $16.58 trillion dollars. merchandise goods account for $1.687 trillion, some of the main merchandise break danceners of the European union ar oUS 17.3%mainland China 8.5%Switzerland 7.9%Russia 7.3%Turkey 4.5 %Food, drinks and baccy account for 5.9% pre move moment of goods account for $2.302 trillion dollars and the main import partners areChina 16.2%Russia 11.9%US 11.5%Switzerland 5.8%Norway 5.6%Food, drinks and tobacco account for 5.2% of import goods.The service field is the most important one in the EU making up 69% of the GDP followed by the manufacturing industry with 28.4% GDP an d agriculture for only 2.3% of GDPThe sylvan sector is perplex goted by subsidies from the EU and currently represents 40-50% of the EUs union spending.SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORSThere is limited info on European childrens fetchings stirring, barely the data shows that the sightly harvesting intake is or so 141 g per day. harvest-feast intake is highest in Austria and Portugal and is the lowest in Iceland and Spain.Girls and women consume more(prenominal) produces and veget equals and boys and men do, at that place is no simple explanation to this still its believed to be because women in oecumenical are more concerned about their weight and keeping a scale big bucks fit take care.Children tend to eat slight production as they age, but its the aim opposite with adults. Intake levels increment with age, possibly because in acquire and knowledge increases and one becomes more aware of the benefits of good eating habits. manpower once they are married energize an i ncrease in harvest-feast intake. Women count to shake up an impact on their keep ups output intake as well as the variety of fruits eaten. Women tend to handle health-related issues more commonly than men so they tend to buy and arrive at more food than men.Childrens fruit intake levels directly correlate with how oft their parents consume. simply pressure to eat fruit does non positively affect childrens intake, but it is enhanced when parents are good role-models and encourage them to eat fruits and vegetables.People with self-efficacy tendencies sire a higher fruit intake in adults, overly plenty with a high self-esteem tend to eat more fruits and vegetables because they take their health into account. expertThe EU is funding a labour for pesticide spare fruits and vegetables by removing the threat of fruit flies. Helping farmers watch customers demands for dependable fruits while being surroundingsally advised. oThe project impact to use an insect attractant t o draw insects and pathogens such as infectious micro-organisms, virus, fungus that cause diseases in fungus. oThis attractant will be applied in the form of an insect trap military groupive plantations to take bugs away from plantations, this will be a long- remnanting and biodegradable cod station. Europe is becoming more conscious about maintaining a cleaner environment, the EU is committed to providing a bust coming(prenominal) for the next generations. So they specialize on clean energy, from turbines in Germany to solar panels in Spain, and countries across the EU are victimization natural resources of sustainable energy deliverance investment to businesses and citizens.LEGALWith the birth of the individual European Market in 1993 the Common Market Organization for Bananas was put into effect (COMB). COMB is concerned on the importation, barter and dissemination of bananas. A policy was fall in motion allowing EU suppliers to export duty free bananas to all EU state s. Also quotas were sterilise for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) appalling import licenses for a fixed rate of volume of bananas, and limited imports through likewise high obligations. oA quota of 857,000 scads for duty free access from ACP countries Three types of licenses were issued in secernate to regulate this quota to ACP countries Third countries that were not considered in the quota are subject to a tariff of Ecu 850 per ton. In fix up to prevent any loss of income by EU banana producers a compensation of payments for 850,000 tons were grant in case the prices fell d bearstairs the production be. ENVIRONMENTALFlat-free body of body of water ashes chargers are common in some countries in Europe. This does not encourage efficient carriage to households and agriculture according to a identify from the European Environment Agency (EEA). The EEA is considering water pricing in the following countries Croatia, England and wales, France, Germany, Neth erlands, Scotland, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain. In most countries, farmers are allowed to use as much water as they needinessfor a flat rate. By charging the pith of water use in Europe it prognosticated to cut down on water used by agriculture for about 10 20 %. This will charge up farmers to not only cut down on their water consumption but to invest on let on irrigation system as well as pickle water leaks. The general population in the European Union get a linem to support this motion to cut down water overuse, about 84% of the population assort with this principle.Marketing MixIn order to better penetrate the European market we use up to better understand our own products, so a marketing mess up was created to see what we can offer to the market and this will help us to better oversee our operations in the European market. PRODUCTChiquita banana takes pride in their first class bananas. just banana consumption vary from rural to countrified so they hasten other produ cts to match the change in severally countries demand. They ever so keep in mind the environment and consumers health, so they select products that meet these 2 qualifications, products such as ready do salads, fruit snacks. An nonsymbiotic survey was conducted about mickles preferences and attitudes about bananas, and the poll indicated that the perceptiveness of Chiquita bananas was better than competing brands and people preferred it 2 to 1 to the leading brand. The bananas by Chiquita banana are 100% organic canonical and certified by the USDA which way of life that they adhere to the requirements and meet the organic standards of increase bananas.PRICEThese are the prices for bananas per metric ton for the last few months. Bananas prices vary depending on the location where they are being sold. In France the average price for a kg is about $2.00 dollars. In Spain is about $1.00 per kg. But these prices tend to fluctuate with the seasons as well, and some variables ta ke place to why this happens. iodin of the reasons is that bananas grow in tropical areas so they need hot weather to grow, but its harder to maintain them fresh during summer. straddleChiquita banana sells its products internationally to about 70 countries worldwide. The majority of the products grown come from southerly America and the Caribbean which are then sent to distribution centers. Europe is the largest consumer and importer of bananas in the world, so this would be the best place for the largest banana producer in the world to invest and tap into this gold mine. In the year 2011 people living in the European Union consumed an estimate of 5 cardinal tons of bananas and about 4.6 million tons were imported. Europe would be the best market to try to penetrate and take market distribute from. Sweden, UK, Denmark, Finland and Portugal are the main consumers of bananas in Europe (see Appendix A). These are the countries within the EU for Chiquita banana to penetrate first. forward motionThe way that Chiquita banana promotes their product is very(prenominal) innovative. They have sticker contests and they encourage people to send drawings for possible logos for their stickers. But their latest promotion is endorsing the charismatic minion characters from the delineation Despicable Me, they have even giveed on an app game available for apple and droid. The pose of this game is to run and get as many bananas as possible without streamlet into any obstacles. There is no set down for the increase in sales of Chiquita bananas yet because the game is recent, but its proficient to say that this gamification dodge will work well for the federation. Also, as a part of their promotion they attend school lunches, proceed major anniversaries and sponsor Olympics. They use the slogan quite possibly, The domain of a functions pure(a) Food SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHSChiquita Banana is number one in the fruit market in the world and sells its products to more than 70 countries worldwide.The companionship had a $3 billion dollar revenue last year.Its net income is about $405 million dollars.The play along is committed to being socially obligatedA decade ago they use social accountability 8000 which has helped improve their practices to better serve the community.SA 8000 provides standards based on national laws, international human rights norms and the conventions of the International lying-in Organization. Management systemrequirements ensure that these standards are consistently implemented over time, and independent audits and certification help measure surface and identify areas for improvement.WEAKNESSESThe lodge has not been able to reach out to consumers in Europe, they had a $2 million profit during the last quarter, better compared to the previews year where there was an $11 million loss. Sales fell 2% from $793 million to $774 million in one year. There was an 18 an article was print of Chiquita secrets revealed by the e nquirer, where the company had been accused of mistreating workers in Central America, polluting the environment and allowing cocaine to be brought to the US in its ships.OPPORTUNITIESWith the refreshing regulations from 1993 the European market has opened for banana companies that do not belong to the ACP countries and Latin America. Our opportunities go hand in hand with the highest consumers of bananas in the EU. According to appendix A, they are oSwedenUKDenmarkFinlandPortugalThese are the first countries that we must try to accent our internationalization efforts into, since they are the highest consumers of our product. Even with the new regulations by COMB Chiquita banana has no real competition from European banana growers, European countries are not optimum for banana growth. Chiquita banana can admit larger quantities at competing prices. THREATSSome of the threats come from competing companies like Dole, Del Monte and Fyffes.The analysis of this figure shows Chiquitas market divvy up diminish from 1966 to 1995 and then remaining constant at 25% market share. We can also observe that for the year 2007 Dole follow had a bigger market share thanChiquita. Chiquita has to be attentive of the existing competing brands but also the new incoming brands that are stealing market share from the company. internationalization Strategy and ViabilityAs already say out front, the European Market is the biggest consumer and importer of bananas. Which is why we are interested in creating an internationalization strategy in order to visualize which cities in the European market target more specifically. There is a map in appendix A portraying the European Countries and an estimate of banana consumption, we can see that the northern countries together with Portugal enjoy eating bananas the most. Then we can see a ranking list with the countries that consume the most bananas in Europe, with Sweden being on top of the list. Chiquita banana Co. gets their product from the countries with a colour dot. Since these are countries that have hot and humid temperature, adequate for banana growth. This map shows us that that in order for the bananas to be shipped from this countries to the EU they have to be shipped in a boat that has to travel the Atlantic for about 6,000 miles. These bananas are stored and refrigerate. This crossing of the Atlantic takes an average of 5 days and the bananas are refrigerated to a temperature between 13.5 and 15 C stalling ripening.Even though piquancy and consistency remain virtually intact, this travel shortens the shelf life to be 7-10 days. Portugal would be a strategic point for the companys internationalization strategy. A logisticals program could be set up in Porto, a northern city in Portugal, this way we can kill two birds with one rock. We re-fuel the ships and get them ready for their journey to Sweden (our top priority in call of distribution) and unload some containers to distribute Portugals ban ana demand. Aside from Portugal the countries with the highest consumption of bananas per capita is in Northern Europe, so another logistic platform would be satisfactory as a final stop before the final destination in each country. Le Havre, France would be a convenient location since it is south of the UK and it is cheaper to have a distribution center there because the euro is not as strong as the sterling(prenominal) pound. Once we have our logistics platform set up in Le Havre we can make accommodations and agreements with companies and retailers that handle fruits and vegetables belonging to the countries that have the highest banana consumption. We would deliver to the following concluding or portsGothenburg, SwedenBrighton, UKSkagen, DenmarkFinland is a little more inaccessible through the Baltic Sea, so we would ship Finlands required bananas to Gothenburg, Sweden as well. From Sweden we could work another logistic way of life to get to Finland by truck.Porto, PortugalLe Havre, France knockIceland is Europes top producer of bananas with their world of the art greenhouse installations, even though they rely on their engineering they have to constantly monitor their products and create the proper environment for the bananas. This is where Chiquita banana has an chance since they dont have to fuss about creating the right conditions for banana growth, the company looks for a convenient location for banana growth and plants the fruit. This enables the company to worry whole on cropping and shipping. Another advantage that the company has over the biggest European banana producer is that, Chiquita banana can acquire bananas in massive quantities while Icelands producers have to create the environment to grow more bananas. This is unless the COMB sets a tighter quota.IncotermAn incoterm is a made up word composed of ternion words. in means international, co handicraft and term means term. Incoterms are used to describe the type of kindred between b uyer and supplier and they type of scram they use to deliver and receive a product. POSSIBLE INCOTERMS FOR THE COMPANYAs a vender the most optimal incoterm for the company would be to agree with the buyer of works with Ex Works since the buyer would have to assume the dose costs and the risks of brining the goods to their stores. I believe this to be very one sided and not efficient, since in order to maximize profits a business deal has to be long-term. Sooner or afterward one ofthe competing brands could offer our buyers a better agreement and we would be out of business, so I would call this a lose-lose touch. Another option would be the exact opposite from Ex works where the seller mantains most of the obligations and expenses while there is stripped-down for the buyere. This would be a DDP, here the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of the buyer, and pas all costs in legal transfer the goods to the destination including impo rt duties and taxes. Seller is not responsible for unloading. this is also very one sided. My belief is that if we are going to have a long lasting family with our business partner we have to compromise, and here we would be taking all most of the bourden of the business deal. SolutionAs already stated before, in order to create a long lasting relationship with our business partners and maximize profits we have to compromize. Chiquita Banana is trying to gain marketshare in Europe, so the best thing we can do with our business partners is to share the transportation burden and costs. Deliverd at Terminal (DAT) incoterm would be the best viable solution for Chiquita and our buyers. We can promise to deliver the product fresh, safe and sound to the following city ports Gothenburg, Brighton, Skagen, Porto and Le Havre. We can accept all costs and risks (except for import clearance costs) and from each store they can send the bananas to their respective distribution centers or directl y to the retailers. That is up to our business partners to decide. It is safe to say that we are taking most of the costs, since it is expensive to cross the Atlantic with ships and maintain the fruit at a certain temperature to keep it fresh. But in order to have our buyers support, we have to go the extra mile. This strategy at the said(prenominal) time will speed up the process of internationalization and market share gain for Chiquita Banana.Works CitedEuropean Union. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013 Economy of the European Union. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013 Economy of the European Union. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Intelligent Approaches to Achieving Pesticide-free Produce. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.CHAPTER 3 BANANA IMPORTING COUNTRIES AND TRADE POLICIES. The World Banana Economy, 1985-2002. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Water Charging proficient Cost Can Encourage to a greater extent Efficient Use. . N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Chiquita.com Chiquita organic fertilizer Bananas Organic Food. Chiquita.com Chiquita Organic Bananas Organic Food. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Europe Largest Banana Importer Worldwide. Europe Largest Banana Importer Worldwide. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Chiquita.com genial Responsibility Is How We Conduct Business. Chiquita.com Social Responsibility Is How We Conduct Business. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.Chiquita Banana Sales Remain clear in Europe. Chiquita Banana Sales Remain Weak in Europe. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013Chiquita Brands International. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Banana. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Martin Stott. Iceland Europes Biggest Producer of Bananas. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Economy of the European Union. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.